ULTRASONICATION EXTRACTION AND SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION CLEAN-UP FOR QUANTIFICATION OF ARISTOLOCHIC ACID I IN THE THAI HERBAL ANTITUSSIVE 3 FORMULA BY HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH PHOTODIODE ARRAY DETECTION

Objective: To establish a reliable High Performance Liquid Chromatography method with photodiode array detection (HPLC-PDA) and a suitable extraction method for identification and quantification of Aristolochic acid I (AA-I) in 3 different sample types, i.e.Aristolochia tagala Cham.(ATC), Thai Herbal Grooming Antitussive 3 Formula (ATF3), and Thai

Conventional plant breeding use morphological and phenotypic markers for the identification of important agronomic traits.Plant breeders and scientists continuously seek to develop new techniques, which can be used for faster and more accurate introgression of desirable traits into plants.Over the last several years there has been significant incre

Abstract The five modes are a list of tools used by ancient sceptics to guide dogmatic people towards suspending their judgement.Attributed to Agrippa (of uncertain date) and used extensively by Sextus Empiricus (2nd or 3rd century CE), these modes are still widely 1029 discussed today by epistemologists and specialists in ancient philosophy.Schola

Citrus melanose consists of a series of plant diseases caused by the fungal species of the genus Diaporthe.It has been reported with over 30 Diaporthe species on citrus, including several important fungal pathogens, endophytes, saprophytes, and also latent fungal pathogens with an endophytic/saprophytic lifestyle.Among them, the disease symptoms ca

Leizhou Bay in Guangdong Province is the most important wintering site in China for the critically endangered Spoon-billed Sandpipers (Calidris pygmaea).As food is usually a strong predictor of presence, in the winters of 2019-2022 we studied arthropod food resources and diet on the intertidal mudflats Sauce at the Tujiao and Hebei mudflats in Leiz